پاک‌سازی لیزری is a process where a high-energy density laser beam is directed onto the surface of a workpiece to remove contaminants, oxidation layers, coatings, or rust. The process causes the surface material to instantly melt, ablate, evaporate, or peel off, thereby achieving a clean surface without damaging the base material. It has become an ideal choice for next-generation industrial cleaning technologies.

In 1960, American scientist Theodore Harold Maiman successfully developed the first practical ruby laser, opening the door for lasers to benefit humanity. Over the following 60+ years, the application of laser technology has expanded, with significant achievements in welding, cleaning, cutting, marking, and other fields.

The Origin and Growth of Laser Cleaning Technology

Laser cleaning technology has a long history abroad. It can remove everything from thick rust layers to fine particles on surfaces. Since the 21st century, China has invested significant human and material resources to enhance the research of پاک‌سازی با لیزر technology. With the development of advanced laser technology, lasers have achieved significant progress in energy output, wavelength range, laser quality, and conversion efficiency.

به عنوان لیزرهای فیبری and other laser technologies continue to evolve, laser cleaning has become indispensable in high-end manufacturing industries such as shipbuilding, aerospace, and industrial sectors, where it is used for tasks like removing rubber contaminants from tire molds, cleaning silicon oil from gold films, and performing high-precision cleaning in the microelectronics industry.

Common Applications of Laser Cleaning

Laser cleaning is most commonly applied in the removal of rust, paint, oil, and oxide layers on metal surfaces. Different types of lasers, with varying wavelengths and power outputs, are required to clean different materials and types of stains. Therefore, selecting the appropriate پاک‌سازی با لیزر method based on the material and contaminants is crucial.

MOPA Fiber Lasers in Laser Cleaning

MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) fiber lasers are the most commonly used in پاک‌سازی با لیزر applications. The MOPA fiber laser system can amplify the seed signal without altering the laser’s fundamental properties like central wavelength, pulse waveform, or pulse width. This makes MOPA lasers highly adaptable, offering a wide range of parameters to suit different materials and cleaning applications.

MOPA lasers have higher energy reserves, which allow for upgrades in laser cleaning equipment, such as increasing the laser spot size and incorporating intelligent systems. This makes MOPA fiber lasers particularly popular in emerging industries like new energy batteries.

Composite Laser Cleaning – The Best Choice for Paint Removal

Composite laser cleaning uses a semiconductor continuous laser for thermal conduction output, making the attached contaminants absorb energy and generate vaporization or plasma clouds. This creates heat expansion pressure between the material and contaminants, lowering the bonding force between the two. When the لیزر outputs high-energy pulses, the resulting shockwaves help to detach contaminants from the metal surface, thus achieving fast and efficient cleaning.

Composite laser cleaning combines continuous and pulsed laser functions, offering a 1+1>2 processing feature. This results in faster speeds, higher efficiency, and more uniform cleaning quality. For different materials, lasers of varying wavelengths can be used together to achieve superior cleaning results.

Currently, composite laser cleaning is widely used in industries like shipbuilding, automobile maintenance, rubber molds, high-end machine tools, railways, and environmental protection, effectively removing resin, paint, grease, stains, rust, coatings, plating, and oxide layers from surfaces.

CO2 Laser Cleaning – The Best Choice for Non-Metallic Material Cleaning

CO2 lasers, using CO2 gas as the working medium, offer good directionality, monochromaticity, and frequency stability. They are widely used in پاک‌سازی با لیزر for non-metallic materials such as removing coatings, inks, and adhesives.

For example, in CO2 laser cleaning of aluminum alloys, the process removes composite coatings without damaging the anodized surface. CO2 lasers are also used for cleaning PCB inks in the 3C industry, cleaning adhesive residues on new energy battery electrodes, and other customized cleaning solutions.

UV Laser Cleaning – Precision Cleaning with Specialized Devices

UV lasers, particularly excimer lasers and all-solid-state lasers, are used for fine laser processing. The short wavelength and high photon energy of UV lasers allow them to break chemical bonds between materials, stripping materials in gaseous or particulate form. With a smaller heat-affected zone, UV lasers are ideal for precision cleaning in micro-manufacturing, such as semiconductor materials like Si and GaN, optical crystals like quartz and sapphire, and polymer materials like polyimide (PI) and polycarbonate (PC).

UV laser cleaning is considered the best solution for precision cleaning in electronics, communications, optics, military, forensic, and medical fields. For example, in the 5G era, the demand for FPC processing has surged, and UV laser technology enables precision cold processing for materials like FPC.

Continuous Fiber Laser Cleaning – Effective for Surface Rust Removal

The principle of continuous fiber laser cleaning involves using pump light, emitted from a pump source, that is coupled into the gain medium. The energy absorbed by the rare-earth ions in the fiber causes a level transition, resulting in a stable laser output. The key advantage is that continuous fiber lasers can deliver a continuous output, making them useful for cleaning larger steel structures, pipelines, and other applications where thermal damage to the base material is minimal.

Laser Cleaning with Ring Fiber Lasers – A Breakthrough in Efficiency

With advancements in ring spot technology, fiber laser cleaning equipment has become more user-friendly and efficient. Ring fiber lasers, known for their flexible process adjustments and simple operation, have become widely used in welding and cleaning applications. Engineers at laser technology centers have proven that these lasers significantly enhance cleaning efficiency, especially in removing surface rust.

نتیجه‌گیری

As the demand for green manufacturing increases, پاک‌سازی با لیزر will play an increasingly important role in China’s industrial upgrade process. With its environmentally friendly and efficient nature, پاک‌سازی با لیزر will be integral to various sectors, offering customized solutions for welding, cleaning, and manufacturing needs. As technology advances, پاک‌سازی با لیزر will continue to shape the future of industrial cleaning.