{"id":4597,"date":"2021-08-14T19:53:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-14T19:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/?p=4597"},"modified":"2025-10-31T06:09:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T06:09:24","slug":"analyza-pricin-praskani-povlaku-laseroveho-plaste-a-protiopatreni-zvysujici-trvanlivost-povlaku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/analysis-of-laser-cladding-coating-cracking-causes-and-countermeasures-enhancing-coating-durability\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza p\u0159\u00ed\u010din prask\u00e1n\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho n\u00e1t\u011bru a protiopat\u0159en\u00ed: Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed trvanlivosti n\u00e1t\u011bru"},"content":{"rendered":"
1. \u00davod do technologie laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Technologie laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 oproti jin\u00fdm technik\u00e1m povrchov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, v\u010detn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9ho rozsahu pou\u017eit\u00ed, vysok\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti procesu a vysok\u00e9 flexibility zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed povlak\u016f ze slitin se specifick\u00fdmi funkcemi, jako je odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, odolnost proti korozi a odolnost proti oxidaci na povrchu sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Tyto povlaky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed metalurgick\u00e9 vazby se substr\u00e1tem a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed hust\u00e9, vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 zes\u00edlen\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e9 podstatn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed \u017eivotnost d\u00edl\u016f. Nav\u00edc tlou\u0161\u0165ka laserov\u00fdch pl\u00e1tovac\u00edch vrstev m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat a\u017e 10 mm (srovnateln\u00e1 se sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm PTA, ale s mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pevnost\u00ed spoje). Na rozd\u00edl od plazmov\u00e9ho st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed a jin\u00fdch proces\u016f m\u00e1 laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrolu tepeln\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkonu, co\u017e vede k minim\u00e1ln\u00ed deformaci obrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u0161ak rychl\u00fd proces taven\u00ed a tuhnut\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rychl\u00fdm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm teploty roztaven\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b ve velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase. To vede ke koncentraci tepeln\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee snadno zp\u016fsobit prask\u00e1n\u00ed povlaku. Typy a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vzniku trhlin jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Typy prasklin a jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
1. Prask\u00e1n\u00ed za studena (vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

K prask\u00e1n\u00ed za studena doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve f\u00e1zi chlazen\u00ed p\u0159i procesu opl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Je zp\u016fsobeno tepeln\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuje pevnost materi\u00e1lu v tahu v d\u016fsledku teplotn\u00edho gradientu mezi roztavenou l\u00e1zn\u00ed a substr\u00e1tem. K \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu se b\u011b\u017en\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • P\u0159edeh\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed \u00faprava<\/strong>: P\u0159edeh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed substr\u00e1tu p\u0159ed laserov\u00fdm pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit teplotn\u00ed gradient a zpomalit rychlost ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a zabr\u00e1n\u00ed se vzniku trhlin. Teplota p\u0159edeh\u0159evu v\u0161ak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011b kontrolov\u00e1na. Pokud je teplota p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed substr\u00e1tu, hrubnut\u00ed zrn nebo dokonce k deformaci d\u00edl\u016f, co\u017e ovliv\u0148uje rozm\u011brovou p\u0159esnost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • N\u00e1vrh p\u0159echodov\u00e9 vrstvy<\/strong>: P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159echodov\u00e9 vrstvy, kter\u00e1 je kompatibiln\u00ed se substr\u00e1tem i s obkladovou vrstvou, lze zm\u00edrnit nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nesouladem koeficient\u016f tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti, a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017eit tendenci k prask\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u010dkoli je tato metoda \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, zvy\u0161uje slo\u017eitost procesu a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    2. Prask\u00e1n\u00ed za tepla (vznik\u00e1 b\u011bhem tuhnut\u00ed)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

    K prask\u00e1n\u00ed za horka doch\u00e1z\u00ed zpravidla ke konci f\u00e1ze tuhnut\u00ed roztaven\u00e9ho baz\u00e9nu. Mezi hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Struska a nekovov\u00e9 vm\u011bstky<\/strong>: Pokud pr\u00e1\u0161ek slitiny obsahuje zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nekovov\u00fdch slo\u017eek (nap\u0159. s\u00edru, fosfor nebo n\u00edzkotaviteln\u00e9 ne\u010distoty), nemus\u00ed se zcela roztavit nebo vyplavat z roztaven\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b. Mohou se zachytit ve ztuhl\u00e9 struktu\u0159e a p\u016fsobit jako zdroj prasklin p\u0159i nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Nesoulad parametr\u016f procesu<\/strong>: Pokud jsou parametry, jako je v\u00fdkon laseru, rychlost skenov\u00e1n\u00ed a rychlost pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ku, nespr\u00e1vn\u011b nastaveny, nemus\u00ed m\u00edt roztaven\u00fd baz\u00e9n dostatek \u010dasu na reakci nebo m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k vyplaven\u00ed nekovov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je t\u0159eba vhodn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon laseru nebo sn\u00ed\u017eit rychlost skenov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se prodlou\u017eila doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed tekut\u00e9 f\u00e1ze roztaven\u00e9ho baz\u00e9nu. To pom\u016f\u017ee usnadnit vzestup ne\u010distot a \u00fanik plyn\u016f, a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko vzniku trhlin za horka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      3. Trhliny p\u0159i obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed (vznikl\u00e9 p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

      U laserov\u00fdch pl\u00e1tovac\u00edch vrstev m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 doj\u00edt k mechanick\u00e9mu poprask\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i soustru\u017een\u00ed nebo fr\u00e9zov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pl\u00e1tovac\u00ed vrstva \u010dasto obsahuje tvrd\u00e9 a k\u0159ehk\u00e9 f\u00e1ze (nap\u0159. karbidy a boridy), kter\u00e9 mohou p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00fdch \u0159ezn\u00fdch sil nebo nevhodn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje v\u00e9st k lok\u00e1ln\u00ed koncentraci nap\u011bt\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek vznik mikrotrhlin nebo dokonce makrotrhlin. Aby se tomuto probl\u00e9mu p\u0159ede\u0161lo, je t\u0159eba optimalizovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed postupy obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Zvolte vhodn\u00e9 \u0159ezn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a geometrick\u00e9 \u00fahly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed hloubky \u0159ezu a posuvu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u0159ezn\u00fdch teplot a sil pou\u017e\u00edvejte minim\u00e1ln\u00ed maz\u00e1n\u00ed nebo n\u00edzkoteplotn\u00ed chlazen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        3. Shrnut\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

        Trhliny v laserov\u00fdch povlac\u00edch jsou v\u00fdsledkem kombinace \u00fa\u010dink\u016f vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, parametr\u016f procesu a podm\u00ednek nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost Greenstone-Tech doporu\u010duje komplexn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup ke kontrole vzniku trhlin b\u011bhem aplikace, kter\u00fd zahrnuje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • V\u00fdb\u011br pr\u00e1\u0161ku ze slitiny<\/strong>: V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku ze slitiny, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 po\u017eadovan\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu a sni\u017euje riziko vzniku trhlin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Optimalizace parametr\u016f procesu<\/strong>: Nastaven\u00ed parametr\u016f, jako je v\u00fdkon laseru, rychlost skenov\u00e1n\u00ed a rychlost pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ku, pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konzistentn\u00edch a vysoce kvalitn\u00edch povlak\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Strategie p\u0159edeh\u0159evu a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 \u00fapravy<\/strong>: Pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edeh\u0159evu p\u0159ed opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch proces\u016f, jako je tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch pnut\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Koordinace obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Optimalizace operac\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a zabr\u00e1nit vzniku trhlin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Systematick\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm t\u011bchto faktor\u016f lze \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b potla\u010dit prask\u00e1n\u00ed a dos\u00e1hnout \u00fapln\u00fdch, hust\u00fdch a vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00fdch vrstev.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          1. Introduction to Laser Cladding Technology Laser cladding technology offers significant advantages over other surface engineering techniques, including its wide application range, strong process adaptability, and high processing flexibility. Laser cladding can be used to create alloy coatings with specific functions such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance on the surface of components. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,3],"tags":[102],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-4597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-professional-knowledge","category-blog","tag-sheldon-li"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4597"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5317,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4597\/revisions\/5317"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4597"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=4597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}