{"id":4577,"date":"2020-06-06T13:59:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T13:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/?p=4577"},"modified":"2025-10-31T06:28:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T06:28:31","slug":"komplexni-analyza-vlastnosti-technologie-laseroveho-kaleni-a-vyzkum-procesu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/comprehensive-analysis-of-laser-hardening-technology-features-and-process-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Komplexn\u00ed anal\u00fdza vlastnost\u00ed technologie laserov\u00e9ho kalen\u00ed a v\u00fdzkum proces\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
1. Technick\u00e9 principy a hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Technologie laserov\u00e9ho kalen\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako zdroj tepla laserov\u00fd paprsek s vysokou hustotou energie. Laserov\u00fd paprsek, generovan\u00fd laserov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en a zaost\u0159ov\u00e1n p\u0159esn\u00fdm optick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, aby vytvo\u0159il bod s vysokou hustotou energie, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu kovov\u00e9ho substr\u00e1tu. Tento proces v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed metody, jako je kalen\u00ed plamenem a st\u0159edofrekven\u010dn\u00ed a vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed induk\u010dn\u00ed kalen\u00ed, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky p\u0159esn\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed energie laserov\u00e9ho paprsku. Tvarovan\u00fd laserov\u00fd paprsek m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, jako je vysok\u00e1 hustota energie a vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed sm\u011brovost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce procesu<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
1. Velmi vysok\u00e1 tvrdost povrchu<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Tvrdost povrchu po laserov\u00e9m kalen\u00ed je v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch kalic\u00edch proces\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u00e1r\u016fst tvrdosti se pohybuje od 5% a\u017e 20%<\/strong>. Toto v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tvrdosti je zp\u016fsobeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jemnozrnnou martenzitickou strukturou, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i rychl\u00e9m zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed laserem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. P\u0159esn\u00e1 kontrola zpevn\u011bn\u00e9 vrstvy<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Efektivn\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ka tvrzen\u00e9 vrstvy<\/strong>: ovladateln\u00e9 v rozmez\u00ed 0,2-1,0 mm<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka jednoho zpevn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u00e1su<\/strong>: od 1,5 a\u017e 60 mm<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Podporov\u00e1ny jsou v\u00edcepr\u016fchodov\u00e9 p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se procedury, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 vytvrzen\u00ed<\/strong> na velk\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    3. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00f3na a deformace<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

    Tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00f3na (HAZ) na rozhran\u00ed mezi tvrzenou vrstvou a z\u00e1kladn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem je velmi mal\u00e1, obvykle v rozmez\u00ed od 0,3 a\u017e 1,5 mm<\/strong>. Tato charakteristika lokalizovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edvodu tepla \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b kontroluje celkovou deformaci obrobku, tak\u017ee je tento proces zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00fd pro zpev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu p\u0159esn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. Flexibiln\u00ed implementace proces\u016f<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

    Pracovn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost mezi obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed hlavou a povrchem obrobku se udr\u017euje v rozmez\u00ed 100-300 mm<\/strong>, co\u017e poskytuje dostate\u010dn\u00fd prostor pro realizaci proces\u016f. Tato technologie podporuje lokalizovan\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u00e9 kalen\u00ed<\/strong> a je vhodn\u00fd tak\u00e9 pro tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na m\u00edru<\/strong> pro slo\u017eit\u00e9 geometrie, co\u017e ukazuje v\u00fdjime\u010dnou flexibilitu a kontrolu procesu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. Mechanismus zpev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Laserov\u00e9 kalen\u00ed je jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed pro zpev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu materi\u00e1l\u016f. B\u011bhem procesu laserov\u00e9ho kalen\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed vlivem rychl\u00e9ho zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed laseru na povrchu materi\u00e1lu k tvorb\u011b tzv. jemn\u00fd martenzit s vysok\u00fdm obsahem uhl\u00edku<\/strong>, austenit s vysokou hustotou dislokac\u00ed<\/strong>, sorbit<\/strong>a tvrd\u00e9 karbidy<\/strong>. Tyto mikrostruktury v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed odolnost materi\u00e1lu proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a korozi a zlep\u0161uj\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 vlastnosti obrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. V\u00fdzkum procesn\u00edch parametr\u016f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

    Dosavadn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy odhalily, jak zm\u011bny v\u00fdkonu laseru a rychlosti skenov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i laserov\u00e9m kalen\u00ed f\u00e1zovou transformac\u00ed ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed. hloubka<\/strong> a tvrdost<\/strong> zpevn\u011bn\u00e9 vrstvy. V\u00fdzkum faktor\u016f ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch procesy kalen\u00ed taveniny je v\u0161ak pom\u011brn\u011b omezen\u00fd. P\u0159esto\u017ee po kalen\u00ed taveninou doch\u00e1z\u00ed k ur\u010dit\u00e9 deformaci, umo\u017e\u0148uje tento proces vytvo\u0159it hlub\u0161\u00ed kalen\u00e9 vrstvy, co\u017e je pro aplikace velmi cenn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed design a metody<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

    Experimenty s laserov\u00fdm zh\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm taveniny byly prov\u00e1d\u011bny s pou\u017eit\u00edm 42CrMo ocel<\/strong>, se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na anal\u00fdzu vlivu v\u00fdkonu laseru a rychlosti skenov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fdslednou strukturu a v\u00fdkon. A Vl\u00e1knov\u00fd laser YLS-3000<\/strong> pro povrchov\u00e9 kalen\u00ed taveniny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pro dal\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu byly odebr\u00e1ny vzorky ze st\u0159edu o\u0161et\u0159en\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Materi\u00e1ly a testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Materi\u00e1l<\/strong>: 42CrMo legovan\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed ocel<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Rozm\u011bry<\/strong>: 20 mm x 20 mm x 11 mm<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tvrdost<\/strong>: 310 HV<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Drsnost povrchu<\/strong>: 3.0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>:\n
        \n
      • 0.54% C<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 1.32% Cr<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 0,39% Mo<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 0,45% Si<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 0.78% Mn<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Vyv\u00e1\u017eenost: Fe<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        Metody testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Mikrostruktura vytvrzen\u00e9 vrstvy pozorovan\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed Stereomikroskop ZEISS Imager.A2m<\/strong> a skenovac\u00ed elektronov\u00fd mikroskop Hitachi S-3400<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti pomoc\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed Vickers\u016fv tvrdom\u011br s mal\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Hloubka zpevn\u011bn\u00e9 vrstvy se ur\u010duje pomoc\u00ed Tvrdost podle Vickerse<\/strong> v kombinaci s metalografick\u00fdmi sn\u00edmky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          5. V\u00fdsledky experiment\u016f a anal\u00fdza<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

          Z experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee hloubka zpevn\u011bn\u00e9 vrstvy se zvy\u0161uje s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon laseru<\/strong> a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rychlost skenov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, zat\u00edmco hloubka kles\u00e1 s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon laseru<\/strong> a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlost skenov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. Z t\u011bchto faktor\u016f m\u00e1 na hloubku vytvrzen\u00e9 vrstvy v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vliv v\u00fdkon laseru. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poskytuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro optimalizaci procesn\u00edch parametr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          6. Z\u00e1v\u011br a inovace spole\u010dnosti Greenstone-Tech<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

          Systematick\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem proces\u016f a optimalizac\u00ed parametr\u016f spole\u010dnost Greenstone-Tech neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkonnost technologie laserov\u00e9ho kalen\u00ed. Na\u0161im z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm poskytujeme p\u0159esn\u00e1 a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro zpev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed povrch\u016f, kter\u00e1 spl\u0148uj\u00ed rozmanit\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          1. Technical Principles and Core Advantages Laser hardening technology uses a high-energy-density laser beam as the heat source. The laser beam, generated by a laser system, is transmitted and focused through a precise optical system to form a high-energy density spot, enabling accurate heat treatment on the surface of the metal substrate. This process significantly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3023,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,3],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-4577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-professional-knowledge","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4577"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5350,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4577\/revisions\/5350"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4577"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=4577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}