{"id":4408,"date":"2022-05-24T17:12:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T17:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/?p=4408"},"modified":"2025-10-31T05:14:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T05:14:34","slug":"uvod-do-procesu-laseroveho-platovani-a-jeho-vyhody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/introduction-to-laser-cladding-process-and-its-advantages\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00davod do procesu laserov\u00e9ho nava\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho v\u00fdhod"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako laserov\u00e9 nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed kov\u016f nebo laserov\u00e9 p\u0159ekr\u00fdvac\u00ed sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, je pokro\u010dil\u00e1 technologie povrchov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdroby. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vysokoenergetick\u00fd laserov\u00fd paprsek jako zdroj tepla k okam\u017eit\u00e9mu roztaven\u00ed kovov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku nebo dr\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd je synchronn\u011b dopravov\u00e1n na povrch obrobku a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonnou pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ovou vrstvu metalurgicky spojenou se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem. Tento proces nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm p\u0159ekryt\u00edm materi\u00e1lu, ale zahrnuje p\u0159esnou a kontrolovatelnou souhru fyziky, metalurgie a materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011bdy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Principy technologie a rozd\u011blen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch proces\u016f<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Modern\u00ed <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> je vysoce integrovan\u00fd a automatizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho laseru, syst\u00e9mu pro dod\u00e1vku materi\u00e1lu, syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pohybu a syst\u00e9mu monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed procesn\u00ed postup lze rozd\u011blit n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Interakce laseru a materi\u00e1lu<\/strong>:<br>Pokud je laserov\u00fd paprsek o vysok\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu (obvykle o hustot\u011b v\u00fdkonu <strong>10^4 ~ 10^6 W\/cm\u00b2<\/strong>) na povrch z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, vytvo\u0159\u00ed se mal\u00e1 lou\u017ei\u010dka roztaven\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu (obvykle v rozmez\u00ed milimetr\u016f). Tento proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 v \u0159\u00e1du milisekund a\u017e sekund, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e energie laseru je selektivn\u011b absorbov\u00e1na povrchem podkladu a vst\u0159ikovan\u00fdm pr\u00e1\u0161kem, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k oh\u0159evu cel\u00e9ho obrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Synchronizovan\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky materi\u00e1lu<\/strong>:<br>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed metody pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Koaxi\u00e1ln\u00ed pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ku<\/strong>: Pr\u00e1\u0161ek je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n z kruhov\u00e9 trysky, kter\u00e1 je vst\u0159ikov\u00e1na koaxi\u00e1ln\u011b a rovnom\u011brn\u011b do roztaven\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b. Tato metoda je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro 3D opravy slo\u017eit\u00fdch struktur nebo aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed ovlivn\u011bna sm\u011brem skenov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ku mimo osu<\/strong>: Pr\u00e1\u0161ek je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n z jedn\u00e9 strany laserov\u00e9ho paprsku. Syst\u00e9m je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale formovac\u00ed efekt je citliv\u00fd na sm\u011br, tak\u017ee je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro 2D povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1\u0161ek je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n s p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem (obvykle od n\u011bkolika gram\u016f za minutu a\u017e po des\u00edtky gram\u016f za minutu) v nosn\u00e9m plynu (obvykle argon nebo dus\u00edk), co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u00fa\u010dinnost materi\u00e1lu a stabiln\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed povlaku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Metalurgick\u00e9 lepen\u00ed a rychl\u00e9 tuhnut\u00ed<\/strong>:<br>Vst\u0159ikovan\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek i povrch z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu se roztav\u00ed a v roztaven\u00e9m baz\u00e9nu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k intenzivn\u00edmu legov\u00e1n\u00ed a difuzn\u00edm proces\u016fm. Vzhledem k velk\u00e9mu tepeln\u00e9mu propadu z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu se roztaven\u00e1 l\u00e1ze\u0148 rychle ochlazuje (a\u017e o 5 %). <strong>10^3 ~ 10^6 K\/s<\/strong>), co\u017e vede ke dv\u011bma kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Metalurgick\u00e9 lepen\u00ed<\/strong>: Mezi pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ovou vrstvou a substr\u00e1tem se vytvo\u0159\u00ed siln\u00e1 vazba na atom\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00farovni, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pevnost vazby obvykle p\u0159evy\u0161uje pevnost tradi\u010dn\u00edch povlak\u016f nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch tepeln\u00fdm n\u00e1st\u0159ikem a dokonce se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed pevnosti samotn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zpevn\u011bn\u00ed jemn\u00fdch zrn<\/strong>: Rychl\u00e9 tuhnut\u00ed vede k tvorb\u011b jemn\u00fdch dendrit\u016f nebo nerovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed, jako je martenzit nebo austenit, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje tvrdost, odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a odolnost povlaku proti korozi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-6.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-magnific_type=\"gallery\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1023\" height=\"692\" data-id=\"4377\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-6.png\" alt=\"Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f\" class=\"wp-image-4377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-6.png 1023w, https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-6-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-6-768x520.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-6-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-7.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" data-magnific_type=\"gallery\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"4378\" src=\"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-7.png\" alt=\"Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f\" class=\"wp-image-4378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-7.png 768w, https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-7-225x300.png 225w, https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Laser-cladding-processing-of-various-parts-7-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\">Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch lodn\u00edch vrtul\u00ed a lopatek leteck\u00fdch turb\u00edn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Hloubkov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza: V\u00fdhody nad r\u00e1mec tradi\u010dn\u00edch technik<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdhody <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z jeho vlastnost\u00ed \u201cvysok\u00e9 hustoty energie a n\u00edzk\u00e9ho celkov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkonu tepla\u201d, d\u00edky nim\u017e vynik\u00e1 v oblasti p\u0159esn\u00fdch oprav a \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed flexibilita a p\u0159esnost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><br>D\u00edky CNC syst\u00e9m\u016fm nebo robotick\u00e9 integraci lze <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> cesta je zcela definov\u00e1na programem. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee materi\u00e1ly lze p\u0159esn\u011b \u201cnapsat\u201d na lokalizovan\u00e1 m\u00edsta, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed opravu, jako je opot\u0159ebovan\u00e1 hrana lopatky nebo dr\u00e1\u017eka t\u011bsnic\u00edho krou\u017eku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se dos\u00e1hne tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se tvaru s\u00edt\u011b a v\u00fdrazn\u011b se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00eddavky na obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed. Tato schopnost umo\u017e\u0148uje <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> nepostradateln\u00e9 p\u0159i oprav\u00e1ch vysoce hodnotn\u00fdch komponent\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159. <strong>lopatky leteck\u00fdch motor\u016f<\/strong> nebo <strong>klikov\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddele velk\u00fdch dieselov\u00fdch motor\u016f<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0160irok\u00e1 materi\u00e1lov\u00e1 kompatibilita a funk\u010dn\u011b odstup\u0148ovan\u00fd design<\/strong><br><strong>Laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> lze ukl\u00e1dat prakticky jak\u00fdkoli kovov\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd lze vyrobit v pr\u00e1\u0161ku, v\u010detn\u011b <strong>na b\u00e1zi niklu<\/strong>, <strong>na b\u00e1zi kobaltu<\/strong>, <strong>na b\u00e1zi \u017eeleza<\/strong> slitiny, jako\u017e i <strong>karbid wolframu<\/strong> a dal\u0161\u00ed kompozity s kovovou matric\u00ed. A co je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et <strong>funk\u010dn\u011b t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/strong>. Dynamickou zm\u011bnou pom\u011bru d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed dvou nebo v\u00edce pr\u00e1\u0161k\u016f lze vytv\u00e1\u0159et povlaky s postupn\u011b se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edmi vlastnostmi, co\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zm\u00edr\u0148ovat vnit\u0159n\u00ed pnut\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 nesouladem koeficient\u016f tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a \u0159e\u0161it glob\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 kvalita a hustota povlaku<\/strong><br>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee proces zahrnuje \u00fapln\u00e9 roztaven\u00ed a ztuhnut\u00ed, m\u00e1 v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 vrstva hustotu bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se 100%, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez p\u00f3rovitosti nebo oxidov\u00fdch vm\u011bstk\u016f. To je v ostr\u00e9m kontrastu s povlaky nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdmi tepeln\u00fdm n\u00e1st\u0159ikem, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed mikroskopick\u00e9 dutiny a vrstevnat\u00e9 struktury. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee, <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> povlaky maj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdkon v oblasti odolnosti proti korozi, \u00fanav\u011b a n\u00e1razov\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, tak\u017ee jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed koroze kapalin a eroze \u010d\u00e1stic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00f3na a kontrola deformace obrobku<\/strong><br>P\u0159esto\u017ee laser vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty, jeho kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 doba p\u016fsoben\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee celkov\u00fd tepeln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkon je mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u proces\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159. <strong>obloukov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> nebo <strong>pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z plazmov\u00e9ho oblouku<\/strong>. To vede k:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00dazk\u00e1 tepeln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00f3na (HAZ)<\/strong>: \u0160\u00ed\u0159ku HAZ lze regulovat na <strong>0,1-1,0 mm<\/strong>, mnohem men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bkolik milimetr\u016f nebo v\u00edce u tradi\u010dn\u00edch svar\u016f, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vliv na mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti z\u00e1kladn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zanedbateln\u00e1 deformace obrobku<\/strong>: Pro \u0161t\u00edhl\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddele, tenkost\u011bnn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti sko\u0159epin a dal\u0161\u00ed choulostiv\u00e9 d\u00edly, <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> je jedinou technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout velkoplo\u0161n\u00e9ho a vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed bez v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 deformace (obvykle kontrolovan\u00e9 v rozmez\u00ed des\u00edtek mikrometr\u016f), \u010d\u00edm\u017e odpadaj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 rovnac\u00ed procesy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 automatizace a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed integrace<\/strong><br><strong>Laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> je ze sv\u00e9 podstaty <strong>3D data<\/strong> technika zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Lze ji bezprobl\u00e9mov\u011b integrovat do modern\u00ed <strong>CAD\/CAM\/CAE<\/strong> digit\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed postupy. Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm <strong>3D model<\/strong> po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho d\u00edlu pomoc\u00ed reverzn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, jeho porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u016fvodn\u00edm konstruk\u010dn\u00edm modelem a automatick\u00e9 generov\u00e1n\u00ed procesn\u00edch cest pro opravy se proces repasov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm, opakovateln\u00fdm a sledovateln\u00fdm. To umo\u017e\u0148uje <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> kl\u00ed\u010dovou technologi\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed <strong>Pr\u016fmysl 4.0<\/strong> a <strong>inteligentn\u00ed tov\u00e1rny<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav a nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aplikace<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> technologie se rychle vyv\u00edj\u00ed sm\u011brem k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti (s v\u00fdvojem, jako je nap\u0159. <strong>vysokorychlostn\u00ed laserov\u00e9 nava\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>), v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka (nap\u0159. pou\u017eit\u00ed robotiky k oprav\u00e1m <strong>velk\u00e9 lodn\u00ed \u0161rouby<\/strong>), v\u00edceenergetick\u00e9 poln\u00ed kompozity (nap\u0159, <strong>hybridn\u00ed opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed laser-oblouk<\/strong>) a inteligentn\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed procesu (pomoc\u00ed senzor\u016f vid\u011bn\u00ed a um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00e9 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase sleduj\u00ed stav roztaven\u00e9ho baz\u00e9nu a automaticky upravuj\u00ed parametry pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Shrnut\u00ed, <strong>laserov\u00e9 opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> se vyvinul ze specializovan\u00e9 techniky zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd proces modern\u00ed v\u00fdroby a repasov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u00edky p\u0159esn\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dod\u00e1vek energie a materi\u00e1lu umo\u017e\u0148uje \u201cr\u016fst\u201d vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch kov\u016f na ur\u010den\u00fdch m\u00edstech a nab\u00edz\u00ed tak dokonal\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyva\u017euje v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon, n\u00e1kladovou efektivitu a \u0161etrnost k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laser cladding, also known as laser metal deposition or laser overlay welding, is an advanced surface engineering and additive manufacturing technology. It uses a high-energy laser beam as the heat source to instantly melt metal powder or wire that is synchronously delivered to the surface of a workpiece, forming a high-performance cladding layer metallurgically bonded [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4377,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,3],"tags":[101],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-4408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-professional-knowledge","category-blog","tag-graham-luo"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4408"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4408\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5274,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4408\/revisions\/5274"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4408"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=4408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}