{"id":4355,"date":"2025-10-06T09:55:02","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T09:55:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/?p=4355"},"modified":"2025-10-31T00:38:45","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T00:38:45","slug":"prehled-technologie-laseroveho-platovani-pri-opravach-klikovych-hrideli-vznetovych-motoru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/overview-of-laser-cladding-technology-in-diesel-engine-crankshaft-repair\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159ehled technologie laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i oprav\u00e1ch klikov\u00fdch h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motor\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abstraktn\u00ed<\/strong>
Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy, charakteristiky procesu a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikace technologie laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i oprav\u00e1ch klikov\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00eddele vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motor\u016f. Na p\u0159\u00edkladu opravy opot\u0159eben\u00ed aktivn\u00edho kr\u010dku h\u0159\u00eddele p\u0159evodovky u klikov\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00eddele lodn\u00edho vzn\u011btov\u00e9ho motoru G6190ZLLCZZ-3R je podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1n cel\u00fd proces, v\u010detn\u011b sb\u011bru dat, detekce vad, p\u0159edeh\u0159evu, laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed, tepeln\u00e9 izolace a chlazen\u00ed, n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed, le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a kontroly kvality. Technologie laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdhody, jako je n\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u00edra z\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed, vysok\u00e1 pevnost spoje a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed tepeln\u00e1 deformace, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je vhodn\u00e1 pro opravy vysoce p\u0159esn\u00fdch a vysoce zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jako jsou klikov\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddele, s vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdm a propaga\u010dn\u00edm potenci\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u00davod<\/strong>
Dieselov\u00e9 motory se jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pohonn\u00e9 jednotky \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v lodn\u00edch pohonn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech a syst\u00e9mech v\u00fdroby energie. Klikov\u00fd h\u0159\u00eddel je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vzn\u011btov\u00e9ho motoru, kter\u00e1 je odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za p\u0159em\u011bnu vratn\u00e9ho pohybu p\u00edstu na ot\u00e1\u010div\u00fd pohyb a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aktivn\u00edho p\u0159evodu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed to\u010div\u00fd moment na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed, jako je palivov\u00e9 a olejov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo. B\u011bhem dlouhodob\u00e9ho provozu jsou klikov\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddele n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k opot\u0159eben\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti krku h\u0159\u00eddele aktivn\u00edho p\u0159evodu, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje vysokou p\u0159esnost oprav a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Laserov\u00e9 pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed je metoda \u00fapravy povrchu, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 laserov\u00fd paprsek k roztaven\u00ed pl\u00e1tovac\u00edho materi\u00e1lu a povrchu substr\u00e1tu, po n\u011bm\u017e n\u00e1sleduje rychl\u00e9 tuhnut\u00ed za vzniku metalurgick\u00e9ho spoje. Tato metoda s hust\u00fdm povlakem, silnou vazebnou silou a \u0161irokou pou\u017eitelnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lu p\u0159edstavuje novou cestu pro opravy klikov\u00fdch h\u0159\u00eddel\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Proces a vlastnosti technologie laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>
Existuj\u00ed dva typy laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed: p\u0159eddeponovan\u00e9 a synchronn\u00ed. P\u0159i p\u0159eddepozitn\u00ed metod\u011b se pl\u00e1tovac\u00ed materi\u00e1l um\u00edst\u00ed na povrch substr\u00e1tu p\u0159ed taven\u00edm laserem, zat\u00edmco p\u0159i synchronn\u00ed metod\u011b se materi\u00e1l dod\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011bhem laserov\u00e9ho oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, obvykle ve form\u011b pr\u00e1\u0161ku nebo dr\u00e1tu. Tato technologie m\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vysok\u00e1 rychlost chlazen\u00ed (a\u017e 10\u2076 K\/s), kter\u00e1 podporuje tvorbu jemn\u00e9 krystalov\u00e9 struktury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u00edra \u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed (<5%) a metalurgick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s podkladem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkon tepla, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje kontrolovat deformaci obrobku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160irok\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br pl\u00e1tovac\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed slitin s vysok\u00fdm bodem t\u00e1n\u00ed na substr\u00e1tech s n\u00edzk\u00fdm bodem t\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160irok\u00fd rozsah tlou\u0161\u0165ky obkladu (0,2-2,0 mm), ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro lok\u00e1ln\u00ed opravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento proces lze snadno automatizovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Sb\u011br a p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch dat klikov\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00eddele<\/strong>
Opravovan\u00fd klikov\u00fd h\u0159\u00eddel je vyroben z materi\u00e1lu QT800-2A, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e opot\u0159eben\u00ed bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno na aktivn\u00edm kr\u010dku h\u0159\u00eddele p\u0159evodovky (\u010d\u00e1st BC na obr\u00e1zku 2). Byl zm\u011b\u0159en vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br hrdla h\u0159\u00eddele a bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee se odchyluje od standardn\u00edho rozm\u011bru (\u00d81100.180.200.180.20 mm), s nerovnom\u011brn\u00fdm opot\u0159eben\u00edm. Dye penetrant a ultrazvukov\u00e1 kontrola potvrdily, \u017ee povrch nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 trhliny ani jin\u00e9 vady. P\u016fvodn\u00ed tvrdost kr\u010dku h\u0159\u00eddele byla nam\u011b\u0159ena HRC43. Hrdlo h\u0159\u00eddele bylo pot\u00e9 soustru\u017eeno na \u00d8109,50 mm, aby se odstranily odchylky kulatosti a v\u00e1lcovitosti, a p\u0159ipravilo se tak na pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Proces laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edeh\u0159ev<\/strong>: Klikov\u00e1 h\u0159\u00eddel se um\u00edst\u00ed na soustruh a pomalu se ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se opravovan\u00e1 oblast rovnom\u011brn\u011b zah\u0159eje na 250 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oprava obklad\u016f<\/strong>: Polovodi\u010dov\u00fd laser se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 s dr\u00e1tem ze slitiny na b\u00e1zi \u017eeleza k synchronn\u00edmu nap\u00e1jen\u00ed pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed. B\u011bhem procesu je p\u0159\u00edsnou kontrolou teplotn\u00edho gradientu zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee se pl\u00e1tovac\u00ed vrstva metalurgicky spoj\u00ed se substr\u00e1tem bez trhlin a p\u00f3r\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tepeln\u00e1 izolace<\/strong>: Po oblo\u017een\u00ed se opravovan\u00e9 m\u00edsto zakryje tepeln\u011b izola\u010dn\u00ed vatou a ponech\u00e1 se 30 minut p\u0159ed ochlazen\u00edm na pokojovou teplotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>: Velikost hrdla h\u0159\u00eddele po opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u00d8112,10 mm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tlou\u0161\u0165ka vrstvy opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,3 mm a 0,95 mm materi\u00e1lu je vyhrazeno pro obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed. Tvrdost opravovan\u00e9 oblasti byla zv\u00fd\u0161ena na HRC47.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed po laserov\u00e9m pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Povrch pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b se vyhlad\u00ed soustru\u017een\u00edm na \u00d8110,50 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brou\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>: Kone\u010dn\u00fd rozm\u011br je vybrou\u0161en na \u00d8110,20 mm, aby spl\u0148oval po\u017eadavky na interferen\u010dn\u00ed ulo\u017een\u00ed s p\u0159evodovkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nastaven\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy<\/strong>: \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka dr\u00e1\u017eky je fr\u00e9zov\u00e1na v rozmez\u00ed 22,7 mm a\u017e 24 mm a hloubka je fr\u00e9zov\u00e1na v rozmez\u00ed 4,6 mm a\u017e 5 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdpo\u010det pevnosti<\/strong>: Na z\u00e1klad\u011b jmenovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu vzn\u011btov\u00e9ho motoru 440 kW a ot\u00e1\u010dek 1300 min-1 bylo vypo\u010dteno smykov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b opravy 7,39 MPa, co\u017e je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v materi\u00e1lu 256 MPa, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uje provozn\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Oprava se vyle\u0161t\u00ed zelenou le\u0161tic\u00ed pastou a vy\u010dist\u00ed \u010distic\u00edm prost\u0159edkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inspekce<\/strong>: Oblast opravy byla zkontrolov\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed penetra\u010dn\u00ed zkou\u0161ky barvivem a ultrazvukov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky, kter\u00e1 nepotvrdila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1vady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong>
Technologie laserov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 a spolehliv\u00e1 metoda opravy povrchu vykazuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody p\u0159i oprav\u00e1ch kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad klikov\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddele. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159edstavuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad opravy, kter\u00fd ov\u011b\u0159uje \u00fa\u010dinnost t\u00e9to technologie p\u0159i obnov\u011b rozm\u011br\u016f a zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed povrchu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jej\u00ed ekonomickou \u017eivotaschopnost. S rozvojem laserov\u00e9 technologie se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se jej\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i oprav\u00e1ch a v\u00fdrob\u011b lod\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AbstractThis paper introduces the basic principles, process characteristics, and specific applications of laser cladding technology in diesel engine crankshaft repair. Taking the repair of the active gear shaft neck wear in the G6190ZLLCZZ-3R marine diesel engine crankshaft as an example, the entire process is detailed, including data collection, flaw detection, preheating treatment, laser cladding, thermal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4352,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,3],"tags":[102],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-4355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application-cases","category-blog","tag-sheldon-li"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4355"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4355\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5124,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4355\/revisions\/5124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4355"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.greenstone-tech.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=4355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}